连续式风洞二喉道调节马赫数控制策略

为了降低连续式跨超声速风洞压力波动,提高马赫数稳定性,需要对二喉道调节马赫数控制方式进行研究,针对现有文献鲜少对该控制策略描述等问题,以0.6m连续式跨声速风洞为例,对二喉道控制马赫数的原理进行分析,基于运动控制器加伺服驱动器双PID(proportion-integral-derivative)控制模式实现二喉道位置精确控制,提出了二喉道和压缩机转速的组合控制流程,并采用分段变参数模糊PID加串级控制的算法实现马赫数精确控制,最后进行了试验验证。结果表明马赫数控制精度优于0.001,且每个马赫数极曲线(9个攻角阶梯)的时间可控制在4min以内,证明所提出的控制策略是有效的,可为连续式跨超声速风洞的设计调试提供参考。      

Evasion guidance algorithms for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles in three-player pursuit-evasion games

In practical combat scenario, the cooperative intercept strategies are often carefully designed, and it is challenging for the hypersonic vehicles to achieve successful evasion. Based on the analysis, it can be found that if several Successive Pursuers come from the Same Direction (SPSD) and flight with a proper spacing, the evasion difficulty may increase greatly. To address this problem, we focus on the evasion guidance strategy design for the Air-breathing Hypersonic Vehicles (AHVs) under the SPSD combat scenario. In order to avoid the induced influence on the scramjet, altitude and speed of the vehicle, the lateral maneuver and evasion are employed. To guarantee the remnant maneuver ability, the concept of specified miss distance is introduced and utilized to generate the guidance command for the AHV. In the framework of constrained optimal control, the analytical expression of the evasion command is derived, and the constraints of the overload can be ensured to be never violated. In fact, by analyzing the spacing of the pursers, it can be classified whether the cooperative pursuit is formed. For the coordination-unformed multiple pursers, the evasion can be achieved lightly by the proposed strategy. If the coordination is formed, the proposed method will generate a large reverse direction maneuver, and the successful evasion can be maintained as a result. The performance of the proposed algorithms is tested in numerical simulations.     

基于动态补偿的多电机控制算法

多电机协调控制达到转速一致是电机控制中的一个关键难题，外加负载变动和电机参数变化时会引起电机性能的下降，达不到良好的控制效果。为使电机间保持转速同步，建立了永磁同步电机d-q坐标系下的矢量控制数学模型，基于转速跟随控制，提出一种基于单神经元PID的变增益速度补偿器进行偏差耦合控制。在MATLAB/Simulink建立了3台永磁同步电机的仿真模型。仿真结果表明，与传统PID固定增益速度补偿器算法相比，单神经元PID的变增益速度补偿器具有更强的鲁棒性以及更快的收敛性。     

基于新型丝状电极等离子体激励器的前体涡控制

本文首次将新型丝状暴露电极DBD等离子激励器应用于大迎角下细长体非对称涡控制。丝状暴露电极的材料的选择对DBD推力以及推力效率至关重要,通过地面精细推力测量对丝状暴露电极等离子体激励器进行了优化,结果表明,本文研究材料中采用钨丝作为暴露电极,其推力效率最优;且随着电极直径从d=0.3 mm减小到d=0.08 mm,DBD推力效率显著提升。基于优化后的DBD激励器,将其应用于前体非对称涡控制:未施加等离子体控制时,压力测量以及PIV结果均表明细长体背风区流场为明显的非对称涡结构;在等离子体激励下,该非对称涡结构可变为对称甚至反向非对称,且非稳态激励控制能力明显优于稳态激励。研究发现,大迎角下细长体非对称涡控制与背风区原始涡系结构有关,其中包含对称涡系和非对称涡系。本文研究为大迎角下细长体非对称涡控制提供了一种新思路,同时也为丝状暴露电极DBD等离子体激励器的应用提供参考。     

Backstepping sliding-mode control of stratospheric airships using disturbance-observer

In the presence of unknown disturbances and model parameter uncertainties, this paper develop a nonlinear backstepping sliding-mode controller (BSMC) for trajectory tracking control of a stratospheric airship using a disturbance-observer (DO). Compared with the conventional sliding mode surface (SMS) constructed by a linear combination of the errors, the new SMS manifold is selected as the last back-step error to improve independence of the adjustment of the controller gains. Furthermore, a nonlinear disturbance-observer is designed to process unknown disturbance inputs and improve the BSMC performances. The closed-loop system of trajectory tracking control plant is proved to be globally asymptotically stable by using Lyapunov theory. By comparing with traditional backstepping control and SMC design, the results obtained demonstrate the capacity of the airship to execute a realistic trajectory tracking mission, even in the presence of unknown disturbances, and aerodynamic coefficient uncertainties.     

弹载变转速定量泵高动态压力控制特性分析

传统弹载电液伺服系统的液压能源采用有刷直流电机驱动恒压变量泵的方式，泵源压力在导弹飞行过程中设定值恒定，但在平飞段过程长、负载小，对能源压力需求低，造成弹上能源总利用率不高的问题，提出无刷直流电机驱动小排量液压泵的压力控制泵源的设计，在低气动负载阶段适当降低系统压力，进而降低节流损失与泄漏量，提高能量利用率。分析了变转速定量泵的流量压力特性曲线，通过建立基于变转速压力控制泵源的位置电液伺服系统数学模型与仿真模型，分析了变转速定量泵压力控制系统在典型工况下的位置跟踪、系统压力变化与能量利用效率，验证了压力控制系统能够在导弹平飞段保证位置伺服系统跟踪正常的前提下，能有效提高系统效率，证明了变转速定量泵压力控制系统的有效性与可行性。     

基于区间灰色不确定语言的工作类型优化方法

针对飞机维修任务工作类型优化过程中的模糊与灰色问题,采用区间灰色不确定语言变量建立工作类型的评价指标和决策模型,提出了军机维修任务工作类型优化方法。对优化方法进行了实例分析,工作类型排序结果和数据对比结果验证了优化方法的可行性与有效性。在某军机上对优化方法进行了工程应用,完成192项初始维修任务工作类型优化,应用结果表明了该优化方法具备良好的工程应用价值,可有效提升工作类型合理性。     

基于双环滑模控制的直/气复合控制系统设计

直/气复合控制导弹具有强干扰、强非线性以及强耦合等特点，传统的姿态控制器难以适用于该种复杂干扰并存的情况，文章提出了基于双环滑模控制的直/气复合控制器。首先采用有限时间收敛趋近律分别构造内外环滑模控制器，并将角速度回路的滑模变量量化为直接力指令，以解决空气舵与姿控发动机之间的耦合问题。接着使用非线性扩张状态观测器估计综合干扰，从而设计控制器补偿侧向喷流干扰及模型不确定性等综合干扰的影响。然后基于李雅普诺夫方法证明了控制系统闭环稳定，分析了干扰补偿对控制器收敛域的影响。最后仿真结果表明，该方法跟踪速度快，动态过程平稳，具有较强的干扰抑制能力，具有很强的鲁棒性。     

直线模拟加载系统的研究进展与发展趋势

直线模拟加载系统是一种用于在实验室条件下模拟承载对象工作时所受直线负载力的半实物仿真系统，可用于模拟各类飞行器关键部件在工作过程中所受的气体阻力载荷。针对目前常用的机械式、电液式和电动式直线模拟加载系统，分析其基本加载原理和研究进展，结合自行研制的电动式直线模拟加载系统进行了深入探讨。针对多余力抑制方法的关键问题，详细论述了直线负载模拟器的结构补偿方法和控制策略。最后，展望了直线模拟加载系统的发展趋势，归纳了电动式直线模拟加载系统的高精度、大载荷发展方向。     

Fully distributed time-varying formation tracking control for multiple quadrotor vehicles via finite-time convergent extended state observer

This paper investigates a time-varying anti-disturbance formation problem for a group of quadrotor aircrafts with time-varying uncertainties and a directed interaction topology. A novel Finite-Time Convergent Extended State Observer (FTCESO) based fully-distributed formation control scheme is proposed to enhance the disturbance rejection and the formation tracking performances for networked quadrotors. By adopting the hierarchical control strategy, the multi-quadrotor system is separated into two subsystems: the outer-loop cooperative subsystem and the inner-loop attitude subsystem. In the outer-loop subsystem, with the estimation of disturbing forces and uncertain dynamics from FTCESOs, an adaptive consensus theory based cooperative controller is exploited to ensure the multiple quadrotors form and maintain a time-varying pattern relying only on the positions of the neighboring aircrafts. In the inner-loop subsystem, the desired attitude generated by the cooperative control law is stably tracked under a FTCESO-based attitude controller in a finite time. Based on a detailed algorithm to specify the cooperative control protocol, the feasibility condition to achieve the time-varying anti-disturbance formation tracking is derived and the rigorous analysis of the whole closed-loop multi-quadrotor system is given. Some numerical examples are conducted to intuitively demonstrate the effectiveness and the improvements of the proposed control framework.